Purpose: THE purpose of this applied research is to study THE effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed AND implemented to train THE location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) THE participants of THE study were rANDomly assigned to treatment (12) AND control (12) groups AND trained for a week.  Conclusion: THE descriptive AND interpretive result of THE posttest analyses indicated THE effectiveness of gamification of THE training performed for THE employees of THE firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, THE descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by THE members of THE experimental group after gamified training indicated that all THE participants in THE experimental group were satisfied with THE gamified training course.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of THE penal system to fight against THE negative consequences of prison, have many effects AND consequences that need to be investigated. THErefore, in this study, while examining THE types of alternative punishments, THE moral AND SOCIAL effects of THE implementation of THEse punishments have been explored. Materials AND Methods: THE present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to THE question presented, by referring to THE THEoretical bases (books) AND articles published in THE ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID AND Ensani in THE years 2011 to 2023 AND with THE method of extracting THE existing legal provisions, THE effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching THE intended goals. Conclusion: THE results of this study show that with THE implementation of such punishments, THE level of public trust, THE growth of morals AND SOCIAL capital in THE society will also improve. THErefore, THE implementation of THEse punishments, while reducing THE criminal population of prisoners AND reforming THEm, provides better implementation of SOCIAL justice AND improvement of public trust, emotional AND financial support for THE families of criminals

THE primary objective of this article is to elucidate that a comprehensive understANDing of Greek POLITICAL thought necessitates an examination of its origins in Ancient Greece. Traditional scholarship in Greek POLITICAL thought has typically assumed that it originated concurrently with philosophy AND THE establishment of THE polis. In this research, drawing upon THE visions of Eric Voegelin AND Leo Strauss, we endeavor to establish a refined definition of POLITICAL thought while challenging THE aforementioned conventional assumption. It is argued that POLITICAL reflection remains intimately intertwined with THE THEological-mythological beginning of thought in Greece. This THEological-mythological mode of thinking initially found expression in THE works of Homer AND Hesiod, with THEse poets serving as THE foremost intellectual authorities AND initial educators of THE Greeks. THE Greeks, in THEir self-perception, viewed THEmselves through a lens of religion AND in THE mirror of gods AND divine forces. Consequently, any exploration into Greek POLITICAL thought must acknowledge THE works of THEse poets as THE seminal intellectual foundations of Greek thought. It is imperative to recognize that POLITICAL thought in Ancient Greece did not commence with philosophy or THE emergence of THE polis, but raTHEr with poetry AND a distinct form of religious-mythical experience, namely THEologia-muthologia.

ABSTRACT With THE expansion of inefficient tissues, "Urban regeneration" has been objectified as a solution for developing cities in different physical, SOCIAL AND economic dimensions. Despite THE DEVELOPMENT of THE guidelines for urban regeneration projects, THEse projects in Iran still have challenges in THE stage of realization AND implementation. This article aims to identify THE "challenges AND causes of non-realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran" AND analyse THE research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 23 articles in THE field of problems of urban regeneration projects in Iran was carried out. THE challenges raised in THE AtlasTI software were extracted with THE help of open AND axial coding. In THE following, 100 codes were determined in THE form of 10 groups or general categories. In THE end, THE obstacles to THE realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran were given. According to THE obtained results, THE weak presence of non-GOVERNMENTal organizations, THE problems of preparing plans, institutional AND management problems, AND THE weakness of PARTICIPATION are THE four most important AND frequent challenges in THE research related to THE realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran Extended Abstract Introduction THE trend of urban population growth AND THE expansion of inefficient urban fabrics along with THE increasing immigrant population to THE cities makes THE planners think of filling THE existing urban fabrics with excessive density AND lAND use change, instead of THE city horizontal DEVELOPMENT with regard to THE urban sustainable DEVELOPMENT prism. Poor housing, low per capita services, lack of necessary infrastructure, low quality of life, economic stagnation AND functional inefficiency, unorganized physical-spatial structure, high vulnerability to earthquakes, loss of SOCIAL status, AND various SOCIAL problems exemplify THE typical challenges of such deteriorated areas. Deterioration of THE urban fabric has prompted THE emergence of various urban DEVELOPMENT policies among which regeneration as an overarching approach characterized by its economic, SOCIAL, environmental, physical, ecological dimensions AND components including quality of life, justice, revitalization AND PARTICIPATION. This concept, as an urban DEVELOPMENT policy, has been defined AND applied in THE vulnerable AND deteriorated areas of cities in recent years. Started from physical reDEVELOPMENT in THE Second World War AND passing through policies concentrated on SOCIAL AND economic welfare, urban regeneration policies moved towards THE PARTICIPATION of local residents AND THE creation of sustainable places in recent decades. However, taking into consideration THE manifestation challenges of urban DEVELOPMENT plans, in THE existing literature, urban regeneration challenges have been less comprehensively investigated. This paper aims to identify THE "challenges AND causes of lack of urban regeneration plans manifestation in Iran" based on THE review AND analysis of THE research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach in response to this question: "What are THE challenges AND obstacles to THE manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran?”   Methodology This research aims to identify "challenges AND obstacles to THE manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" through a meta-analysis of THE research conducted in this field. Conducting a systematic search in Magiran, comprehensive humanities portal, AND Google Scholar databases using THE Boolean logic search used THE keyword (challenges) AND key phrases (‘manifestation of plans’ AND ‘urban regeneration in Iran’) resulted in more than 70 Persian papers, 2 English papers, AND 2 English THEses. THE reviewed studies included research AND review papers, case study research, AND THE special issue of urban regeneration policy of Haft Shahr Journal. THE geographical scope of THE investigated studies covers THE historical contexts of Iran, AND metropolises such as Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, AND Isfahan. Reviewing THE abstracts, 23 studies were selected among which THE research focusing on THE different types of regeneration, AND evaluation of urban regeneration indicators were excluded from THE research process. To conduct meta-analysis after a comprehensive review of each study, open AND focused coding of challenges was done through Atlas.ti software (version 8), AND THE obstacles to THE manifestation of THE plans were extracted. Coding process continued until THE saturation was reached. Finally, THE 115 codes obtained was reduced to 100 through integrating similar codes. THEn, all THE codes were categorized into 10 categories, AND a comprehensive model of "challenges of manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" was presented.   Results AND discussion Based on THE conducted review, THE recognized problems with emphasis on THE different aspects of urban regeneration projects are: 1) Weak presence of non-GOVERNMENTal organizations (18 codes); 2) Problems of preparing plans (17 codes); 3) Institutional AND managerial problems (14 codes); 4) Weakness of PARTICIPATION (13 codes); 5) Duration AND financial problems of urban regeneration plans (10 codes); 6) Problems of urban regeneration plans process (8 codes); 7) loss of identity of fabrics in THE preparation of THE plan (6 codes); 8) Lack of context-oriented approach (7 codes); 9) inefficient evaluation of plans (4 codes); 10) lack of SOCIAL AND specialized training for citizens AND officials (3 codes). THE lack of endogenous THEory AND insufficient knowledge of THE environment AND residents obstacle THE manifestation of urban regeneration plans. Despite pretending THE use of non-GOVERNMENTal organizations, THE relevant law weaknesses, AND THE lack of belief in THE effectiveness of it has led to disregard of THE PARTICIPATION of non-GOVERNMENTal organizations in practice in THE process of preparing AND implementing DEVELOPMENT plans resulting in an inadequate context for manifestation of urban regeneration plans. In addition, THE GOVERNMENT supervision on NGO’s in THE way of achieving independence has also caused limitations for THEir interplay. In terms of THE issues in THE preparation of plans, more emphasis on THE physical AND economic dimensions AND THE purely physical view, AND THE lack of attention to THE SOCIAL AND cultural consequences, along with THE loss of THE community identity, are THE factors of THE failure of THE plans to achieve THE expected results. THE lack of coordination between PROGRAMS AND multiple decision-makers led to THE institutional confrontation instead of interaction. In this regard, THE necessity of an integrated AND comprehensive approach to urban regeneration has been acknowledged in THE reviewed studies. NGO’s can play an effective role in communicating with citizens, educating citizens AND informing THEm. It is also necessary to have THE PARTICIPATION of THE private sector AND oTHEr organizations involved in THE field of urban DEVELOPMENT in addition to public PARTICIPATION in all steps of preparation, implementation AND occupation of projects AND DEVELOPMENT plans. In THE absence of a context-oriented approach in THE preparation AND implementation of urban regeneration plans in Iran with blind imitation of western models AND THE existence of limited urban infrastructure, following consequences are inevitable: uncertainty in terms of time, cost AND site preparation before THE implementation of THE plan; lack of definition of urban regeneration plans in THE different scales, neighborhood, region AND city; AND THE uncertainty of THE relationship between THEse plans AND oTHEr urban DEVELOPMENT plans. As such in THE current inadequate conditions driving THE process of preparing plans, THE possibility of implementing new policies AND plans, is low AND THE implemented plans like many oTHEr urban DEVELOPMENT plans in Iran, are inefficient in THE absence of THE post occupancy evaluation.   Conclusion Based on THE results, four priority challenges in THE manifestation of urban regeneration plans in Iran include; THE weak presence of non-GOVERNMENTal organizations, THE problems of preparing plans, institutional AND managerial issues, AND THE weakness of PARTICIPATION. "THE weak presence of non-GOVERNMENTal organizations" has been mentioned as THE first challenge in most reviewed studies (Ahmadifar et al., 2014). Regarding THE "PARTICIPATION of citizens" even though in THE set of laws AND regulations of sustainable urban regeneration, promotion of citizenship culture, PARTICIPATION, AND cooperation of local institutions are highlighted, THE residents are not welcomed in practice. On THE oTHEr hAND, THE lack of people's PARTICIPATION in THE preparation AND implementation of plans has made any urban regeneration actions fail or achieve to its partial goals. In this regard, THE results of THE previous comparative comparisons have shown that THE lack of laws AND regulations supporting PARTICIPATION in various fields is of THE key factors (Nourian AND Ariana, 2011, Shafie Dastjerdi AND Sadeghi, 2016). THE problems of preparing plans, institutional AND managerial issues, ranked as THE third AND fourth issues in this study, have been emphasized in previous studies as well (Kalantari Khalil Abad et al., Pakro AND Sattarzadeh, 2014, Izadi et al., 2019). THErefore, prioritizing THE challenges raised by experts AND determining operational strategies to solve THEm are issues that can be addressed in future studies.   Keywords Urban regeneration plans, manifestation, meta-analysis   Funding THEre is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of THE authors approved THE content of THE manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of THE work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as THE rights AND dignity of oTHErs. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. THErefore, THE present research was conducted with THE aim of analyzing THE relationship between ethical leadership AND cooperative SOCIAL responsibility AND THE moral climate of THE organization. Material & Methods: THE current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND correlational in terms of data collection method. THE statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among THEm, 200 people were selected as THE research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. THE data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: THE results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative SOCIAL responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative SOCIAL responsibility. At THE same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on cooperative SOCIAL responsibility through THE mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect THEir SOCIAL responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with THE company's values. THE results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to THE formation of an ethical atmosphere in THE organization

ABSTRACT Over THE past 50 years since THE first research in THE field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans, THEre has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in THE global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to THE subject of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans, to identify important AND recurring THEmes alongside analyzing THE relationships between authors, journals, AND countries in this field. Along with THE bibliographic analysis, documents related to THE field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in THEir implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from THE Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, AND analyzed using scientometric software. THEse analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, AND author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as THE most recurrent indicators in this field. THE bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. THE United States is THE most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 AND 176 articles. Berke, P. is THE most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 AND 99 citations. Among THE journals examined, "LAND Use Policy" has THE highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, AND THE "Journal of THE American Planning Association" has THE highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among THE identified. Extended Abstract Introduction THE implementation of urban DEVELOPMENT projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring THE success of such projects. While THEre have been numerous studies on THE factors that contribute to THE success or failure of policy implementation, THEre has been a lack of systematic reviews on THE subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of THE implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of THE implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. THE study begins by collecting AND categorizing existing research in THE field, focusing on three main questions: -What are THE key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals AND articles' current trends AND performance? -How do countries AND researchers collaborate in this area? THE study also examines THE relationships between authors, publishers, AND different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights THE need for furTHEr research AND a more structured approach to understANDing THE implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects.   Methodology This study examined THE literature related to implementation AND evaluation plans in urban AND lAND use planning. THE authors used THE Scopus database to extract AND collect data, focusing on combining THE keywords "implementation-plan" AND "evaluation-plan" in THE keywords, abstracts, AND titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as THE final database after filtering out non-article documents. THE authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in THE slope of THE trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 AND 2022, possibly due to THE global pANDemic AND THE emergence of new related topics. THE authors used a four-stage process to analyze THE bibliographic subject of THE study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, AND THEmatic analysis. THE authors identified THE selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, AND main THEmes AND sub-THEmes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of THE literature on implementation AND evaluation plans in urban AND lAND use planning.   Results AND discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze THE implementation AND execution of urban DEVELOPMENT plans using bibliometrics AND systematic analysis. THE study considers evaluation as a crucial part of THE implementation process AND seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation AND execution globally. Secondly, it examines THE trends AND performances of new articles AND urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates THE pattern of cooperation among countries AND researchers. THE study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact THE implementation process of urban plans. THE results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "lAND use," "zonation," "PARTICIPATION," "program quality," AND "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. THE study also highlights THE importance of evaluation in THE discussion of program implementation AND its separability from THE implementation process. Using THE scientometric software VOSviewer, THE study analyzed 68 keywords related to THE bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained THE first place, followed by "Program implementation" AND "Program quality." THE co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has THE highest number of citations AND link strength. Additionally, THE study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by THE software. THE "lAND use policy" journal had THE highest link strength, AND THE "Journal of THE American planning association" had THE highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, THE study provides valuable insights for policymakers AND researchers interested in urban DEVELOPMENT planning. It comprehensively examines THE implementation AND execution of urban DEVELOPMENT plans, identifies effective indicators, AND investigates THE pattern of cooperation among countries AND researchers. THE study highlights THE importance of evaluation in THE implementation process AND its separability from THE implementation process.   Conclusion THE main goal of this research was to fill THE gap in research on THE implementation AND execution of urban DEVELOPMENT projects in THE field, as no systematic review of THE topic has been conducted from a global perspective since THE first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has THE evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or THE systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as THE review of various experiences in THE Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with THE comprehensive approach that THE evaluation of implementation is an integral part of THE overall process of implementing AND executing urban DEVELOPMENT projects, this process has been examined from THE perspective of bibliometrics AND systematic analysis of this field. THE main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to THE implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, AND secondly, using THE scientometric software VOSviewer for THE first time in this field. In essence, THE conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel AND exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in THE domain of appraising AND discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of THE literature concerning THE urban implementation AND execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, AND thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to THE Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases AND undertake comparative evaluations of THE results. Funding THEre is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to THE conceptualization AND writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THEcontent of THE manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.

THE ethical actions are important because of THE priority of THE mission goal AND THEir close relationship with SOCIAL progress AND DEVELOPMENT. THErefore, THE purpose of this research is THE identification AND SOCIAL analysis of THEse types of actions among THE verses of revelation AND it deals with THE effect of ethical actions in THE production of SOCIAL capital in THE process of progress based on religious teachings AND answers THEse questions based on THE Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (behavior) have on THE formation of SOCIAL progress? How do moral actions generate SOCIAL capital AND influence progress (DEVELOPMENT)? What coordinates, examples AND dimensions does this group of actions have? What are THE effects AND consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable AND progressive in THE DEVELOPMENT of SOCIAL interactions have been SOCIALly studied, analyzed AND searched by using THE inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness AND fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), AND forgiving oTHErs, kindness, non-violence, chastity AND purity, patience AND honesty AND benevolent actions combined with SOCIAL supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togeTHErness, coherence AND expansion of SOCIAL interactions AND emotional relationships far from hatred AND warm AND emotional relationships AND as a result, it causes THE production of SOCIAL capital AND its improvement AND will lead to THE density of actions focused on purpose AND excellence that are necessary for progress.

A B S T R A C TTHE purpose of this study is to measure THE level of sustainability of residential complexes in Gorgan AND to identify THE impact of SOCIAL capital AND its dimensions on THE concept of housing sustainability. THE research method is descriptive AND survey type. THE statistical population of THE research includes all THE residential complexes of Gorgan city, of which 268 cases were determined using Cochran's formula as a statistical sample AND were selected AND studied using THE two-stage cluster sampling method.. A researcher-made questionnaire with an answer package was used to collect data. Its validity was confirmed using THE formal method AND its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for THE concept of SOCIAL capital (α = 0.879) AND housing sustainability (α = 0.810), respectively. THE findings showed that THEre is a significant positive relationship between SOCIAL capital AND its dimensions with THE dependent variable, i.e. housing sustainability variable AND its four dimensions. THE results showed that THE integrated model in THE present study was able to explain THE relationship between SOCIAL capital AND THE concept of housing sustainability to an acceptable extent. THErefore, this model can be useful for oTHEr urban areas of THE countryExtended AbstractIntroductionTHE home is THE source AND destination of all human life; AND man leaves it for work AND SOCIAL activity, AND after doing it AND gaining experience, he returns home. THErefore, THE category of housing is a broad AND complex category that has various dimensions. This concept, in addition to THE place in THE physical concept, includes all THE services AND facilities needed by an individual or family that need it to live. To this end, housing planning requires in-depth studies in various SOCIAL, cultural AND historical fields. Today, THE mere attention to THE economy, many human, SOCIAL, indigenous AND cultural values have been lost in THE course of THEse unprincipled constructions that have grown AND are growing at an unprecedented rate. Hence, housing architecture does not simply mean designing or constructing space for human life; For this reason, in housing architecture, especially SOCIAL housing, apart from THE design of human habitation, oTHEr dimensions of human life AND habitation must also be considered. Based on what has been mentioned, in our country, today most of THE economic dimension AND consequently a small increase in THE construction AND architecture of residential complexes AND oTHEr dimensions of sustainable DEVELOPMENT, including SOCIAL, cultural, physical AND THE environment is neglected. Lack of adequate housing, as housing that has THE least incompatibility with THE natural environment around it AND in a wider area with THE region AND THE world; it creates problems for THE city AND its residents. Meanwhile, residential complexes in Gorgan are no exception to this rule. Complexes that are designed with only THE economic dimension in mind, THE result of which is THE construction of housing in different parts of THE city, which has THE least coordination AND compatibility with oTHEr aspects of sustainable DEVELOPMENT. Given THE above, THE importance of THE present study, attention to THE principles of sustainable DEVELOPMENT AND THE need to create AND expAND SOCIAL capital for human societies, in THE space that was drawn is very important. MethodologyAccording to THE purpose of THE research AND THE level of data analysis, THE survey method has been used to collect data. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to obtain information. THE statistical population of THE study includes all residential complexes in Gorgan. THE sample size is 268 based on Cochran's logical formula. Two-stage cluster rANDom sampling method is used. So that THE statistical population is divided into clusters AND homogeneous groups AND THEn THE quota of groups or clusters is determined in proportion to THE frequency distribution of each cluster. In THE next step, residential complexes are selected as a statistical sample from each cluster. To verify THE validity of THE tool, THE formal validation method (referring to professors AND specialists) has been used. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to determine THE reliability of THE instrument. Results AND discussionAccording to THE results of t-test, it can be said that THE SOCIAL capital index is not desirable. THE average of SOCIAL capital index is lower than THE hypoTHEtical average. This means that THE amount of SOCIAL capital of THE residents of residential complexes in Gorgan is not at THE desired level. This is if THE level of stability of residential complexes in Gorgan is at a desirable level. Also, THEre is a significant relationship between housing sustainability AND SOCIAL capital. AND THE order of THE effect of SOCIAL capital variable on THE dimensions of economic, SOCIAL, physical AND environmental sustainability. Based on THE results of THE probability ratio of THE Chi-square value model is less than 0.01, it can be said that THE regression model is a good model in which independent variables are well able to explain THE changes of THE dependent variable. THE results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that THE estimated value of THE SOCIAL interaction variable is equal to 1.184, which shows that assuming THE effect of all model variables remains constant, an increase in THE independent SOCIAL interaction variable increases by 1.184 units. In logarithmic ratios, THE dependent variable (housing stability) will be associated. Prioritization of THE effectiveness of THE studied factors indicates that THE factor of formal PARTICIPATION has THE first place in determining THE sustainability of housing. After this factor, THE mental class factor is in THE second place, THEn THE residential home ownership factor is in THE third place. ConclusionOne of THE issues that has attracted everyone's attention in recent decades is housing AND its sustainable DEVELOPMENT, which is in line with human DEVELOPMENT. An important point that has been addressed in THE documents of THE Second Human Settlement Summit is THE importance of THE role of sustainable housing AND THE provision of adequate housing for THE people in THE DEVELOPMENT process. Various factors such as architectural style, climate, geography AND customs are influential in housing design in different places. In THE meantime, THE role of SOCIAL factors or in oTHEr words SOCIAL capital cannot be ignored; Because SOCIAL capital is rooted in THE structure AND SOCIAL norms of society AND is generally a combination of trust, communication network, SOCIAL norms AND SOCIAL relations at THE individual AND community level. Accordingly, THE main purpose of this study is to measure THE SOCIAL capital of residents AND THE sustainability of residential complexes in Gorgan. Based on THE results, THE four dimensions of THE dependent variable are affected by THE SOCIAL capital variable. This means that THE existence of concepts such as trust, interaction, PARTICIPATION, etc. in residential complexes, can provide THE stability of THE residential complex. As long as THE residents of a complex have an effective AND reciprocal relationship with each oTHEr, THE stability of THE residential complex is provided; Residents to protect THE complex facilities, provide security, visual beauty, hygiene AND cleanliness, rehabilitate or create space Green AND ... will interact AND participate with each oTHEr.FundingTHEre is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to THE conceptualization AND writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THE content of THE manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.

Purpose: THE flourishing of POLITICAL parties AND currents is one of THE signs of THE degree of DEVELOPMENT in societies. In contemporary Iran AND since THE formation of THE constitutional movement, POLITICAL currents have gone through many ups AND downs AND it can be said that POLITICAL currents in Iran after THE Islamic Revolution have not yet reached THE stage of institutionalization AND stability. A characteristic feature of POLITICAL currents in Iran is THE divergence AND division among POLITICAL currents in recent decades, AND this can be one of THE reasons for THE instability AND cross-sectional AND seasonal activity of POLITICAL parties in Iran. THErefore, THE necessity of leading research seeks to answer THE question of how factors AND divergence among POLITICAL currents in Iran after THE victory of THE Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? AND what are THE scenarios for THE advancement of POLITICAL currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, THE method of causal-layer analysis, which is one of THE qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: THE research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from THE level of causal systems (from THE institutionalization of power to THE formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview AND discourse (from charismatic POLITICAL authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for THE future of Iranian POLITICAL currents can be considered: integration of currents as THE security valve of THE POLITICAL system, THE collapse of POLITICAL currents in THE traditional form, integration AND consolidation in new SOCIAL movements (virtualized parties).